Frame Work of Sustainable Wastewater Treatment Methods and Technologies

Abstract

Polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are examples of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), a class of man-made substances distinguished by their resistance to degradation, significant long-distance transport, and detrimental impacts on ecosystems and human health. Without industrialization, it is impossible to see human civilization advancing. However, a significant number of hazardous, bio accumulative, and persistent organic chemicals have emerged in the environment as a result of the last century's exponential population expansion and the quick development of the chemical, agrochemical, and petrochemical industries. One important strategy that could reduce the possible environmental effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is the efficient removal of these contaminants from wastewater. Among the many methods documented for treating wastewater contaminated with organic compounds, the heterogeneous photocatalytic approach employing visible-light-responsive semiconductors has been described as an effective technology with promising POP removal capability. An overview of the most recent advancements in the design and synthesis of novel semiconductors with visible light-driven POP catalytic degradation is provided in this chapter. Details about the fundamentals of heterogeneous photocatalysis, visible light response pathways, and the photocatalytic capabilities of novel semiconductor materials are provided.